Lemon Mobile Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Lemon Mobile Megan Clarey CCI Walk 8, 2000 The Lemon Mobile Since the time I set eyes on my vehicle, I have had only a cerebral pain. Not exclusively is it the most intense vehicle, yet it likewise floats directly into the trees, and it shakes at thirty and sixty m.p.h. Indeed, even with the entirety of my vehicle's deficiencies, nothing readied me for its last demonstration of savagery. My lemon kicked the bucket thirty minutes before warm-ups for our major event, and I had the firing line up with me. Laura, Allison, Kristen, Kierra, and I had all stuffed into my two-entryway passing snare to get a nibble at Dunkin Donoughts. Being the dependable upper classman, I ensured we left with adequate opportunity to prepare for the game. Shockingly, there wasn't sufficient time on the planet to assist us with our debacle. We were halted at a red light crying along to a Lenny Kravitz tune, which I currently loathe, when Kristen anxiously articulated,? Meg I think your vehicle quit running.? I unquestionably answered, ?Nah!? All things considered, amazingly, when I hurried up, we didn't go anyplace. Out of nowhere, I started snickering madly and the remainder of them ringed in, until, ?BEEP? the light had turned green! ?AAHH!? we screamed. We at long last understood that we were stuck in a futile hunk of metal at Toms River's busiest crossing point. ?What are we going to do I thought. At that point, yelling and giggling were our best arrangements. At long last, as individuals were circumventing us, giving us the finger and reviling at us, my four thin small scale travelers got out to push my 2000 lb. heap of tin. As they set out on their crucial salvage us from being abandoned in an ocean of street rage, everything I could do was giggle. The time was twenty minutes until warm-ups and my strong mouse colleagues had figured out how to drive my lemon into Amoco's parking garage. We needed to rush and this piece store running once more. Laura shouted,? Perhaps it needs liquid catalyst!? Along these lines, she dashed away to the store and in a short time she was back with a compartment of liquid catalyst. After we emptied the liquid into my vehicle, we attempted to begin my vehicle, ?Vroom!? ?Nothing! Crap!? I froze. Thus, we chose to gaze at the vehicle somewhat more trusting the vehicle would mention to us what it required. There were just five minutes of extending time left, and we were as yet abandoned ten minutes from school. ?We are so dead,? I pondered internally. As we remained there, Allison went to call for help. She returned rearranging, ? Well the uplifting news is we have a ride the awful news is Mills is *censored*ing pissed.? ?Crap!? we expressed. I mean I could perceive any reason why she would be somewhat vexed in light of the fact that it was thirty minutes before our major event, and her firing line up was abandoned at the Amoco station as opposed to being at the field for warm ups. It was thirty minutes before the game, we had missed warm ups and we were frightened of what Mills would do to us, yet pause, our chariot was there. ?Yippee!? we sang in agreement. Shockingly, our chariot was a Jeep. A Jeep can hold two individuals easily three is good, yet six was impractical. In the event that you have ever observed a jokester vehicle at that point you know how we fit into our mouse opening ride. In the front was the driver and two travelers, in the back was two individuals in the seats and one was lying across them. I was in the front with Kristen's backside squashing my legs. Obviously, it was the longest ten-minute ride I had ever experienced. Not exclusively was I into a little container seat yet additionally at each hindrance Kristin's bum was delving increasingly more into my leg. We at last showed up two minutes before time to get down to business. As we drove onto the field, we were welcomed by rowdy cheering from our dedicated fans ( I surmise somebody had told them). We amazed and dropped out of our comedian versatile, all red as stop signs, speedily entered the playing field. We won the game, and I took in a significant exercise from the entire experience. I discovered that in the event that you will go to get a nibble before a major event, at that point go in a vehicle that has self-destructed less than multiple times. English

Financial Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fiscal summary - Essay Example Since it ought to be objective of he organization to profit its investors, it is called primary concern proportion of execution. As needs be it is 22.5 % as determined underneath Profit for equity= Net benefit after duty/Total value =m 467/2074 = 22.5 % for 2005-06 = 392/1397 = 28.06 % for 2004-05 The decrease in ROE in 2005-06 is because of strange increment in different stores appeared under value... This is otherwise called Return on capital utilized (ROCE) and furthermore determined on pretax benefit. Liquidity/Solvency Liquidity implies the speed and straightforwardness with which an advantage can be changed over into money. Liquidity has two measurements. Simplicity of transformation versus loss of significant worth. Any advantage can be changed over into money if its cost is cut adequately. A profoundly fluid resource is in this way one that can be sold without noteworthy loss of significant worth. An illiquid resource is one that can't be immediately changed over into money without a considerable value decrease. Resources are recorded on the Balance Sheet arranged by liquidity implying that the least fluid resources are recorded first. Current resources are Cash and those advantages convertible into money throughout the following a year. Bills Receivable for example speaks to sums collectible from the clients for deals previously made to them. These are accordingly expected to be acknowledged sooner rather than later. Stock that is stock-in-exchange is minimal fluid of the present resources. Current Ratio is a standout amongst other known and most generally utilized proportions to learn organization's dissolvability/liquidity. It is characterized as Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities CurrentAssets m 3,666/Current Liabilities m 3,432 = Current Ratio1.07 for 2005-06 2,752/...Assets are recorded on the Balance Sheet arranged by liquidity implying that the least fluid resources are recorded first. Current resources are Cash and those benefits convertible into money throughout the following a year. Bills Receivable for example speaks to sums collectible from the clients for deals previously made to them. These are accordingly expected to be acknowledged sooner rather than later. Stock that is stock-in-exchange is minimal fluid of the present resources. The present proportion of 1.07 demonstrates that organization is productive enough to utilize all its present resources without keeping them excess and inactive. It has additionally indicated surprising improvement from the most recent year's negative current proportion of 0.84. Fast proportion is determined disregarding the estimation of stock remembered for current resources for its conspicuous weaknesses of minimal fluid of every single current resource other than conceivable overvaluation and incorporation of harmed, out of date and lost stocks. It can likewise incorporate over bought and moderate moving things. These will hinder liquidity. Brisk Ratio or Acid - Test proportion is so named to demonstrate the present resources sans stock's speedier liquidity. BA has no stock in exchange as referenced above aside from extra extras and different inventories esteemed m 83 since it is an assistance industry.

Why Writing a Persuasive Essay on Health Topics Is Important

Why Writing a Persuasive Essay on Health Topics Is ImportantThe persuasive essay is not only about facts, it's also about health topics. Why is this? It's simple. You can rewrite the entire essay from any health topic that you want.So, if you want to do a persuasive essay on health topics, the first thing you need to do is to select the best health topic that you can write about. The second thing is that you have to choose the right source. Although there are many resources that you can use in order to write about health topics, you should not just rely on them. Instead, you should learn how to write for a persuasive essay and how to make your essay persuasive.First of all, you have to be clear about what the different topic can be. To learn how to write for a persuasive essay, you must know about some of the different topics that the college students are writing on. Some of these topics are provided below:There are other topics that are similar to the ones mentioned above but there are others that are completely different. One of the most important things to do is to choose the topics wisely. If you choose the wrong topic, it will not be very effective to write the essay.Although it can be difficult to find the different topics that you can use, you can also take the help of the internet. There are various websites which are dedicated to this topic.Using the help of the internet in order to find the different topics that you can use for your essay is a good way to get the job done. Once you start to look around, you will see different topics that you can use. To learn how to write for a persuasive essay, the best thing that you can do is to pick the best one for you. However, you must also remember that if you want to get a good grade in a persuasive essay, you have to start writing about health topics. Not all health topics can be used in an essay, and there are some topics that should be avoided. This is where the internet can be very useful.Besides medical fields, there are many other topics that can be used to write an essay. You have to learn how to choose the right topic and how to write for a persuasive essay. It is also a good idea to read other essays before you start to write one. You can always use the good practices when you're about to write for a persuasive essay.

Case Study Wearing On Her Nerves - 967 Words

Marigold Kotey 12/03/15 Case Study #4: Wearing on Her Nerves Dr. Fundaro Part I 1. What components of the nervous system are involved in physical sensation? How does sensory impulse move throughout the body? The components of the nervous system that are involved in the physical sensation is the peripheral nervous system, which is divided into two groups they are, sensory and motor divisions. The sensory impulse moves through the body by stimulating a receptor in the skin, and it goes through the sensory neurons and also travels through the afferent fibers, the spinal cord and also into the brain. 2. What components of the nervous system are involved in skeletal muscle movement? How does motor impulse move throughout the body? What is a â€Å"motor unit†? The components of the nervous system involved in the skeletal muscle movement is the motor division. The motor impulse moves through the body by traveling through efferent fibers. A motor unit is a neuron and also that is where all the other muscle fibers are connected. 3. What movements are involved in the action of standing up? What muscles need to contract to perform these actions? The movements involved in the action of standing up is when the muscles contracting. The muscles that are needed to perform these actions are the glutes, hamstrings, and the quadriceps. 4. What are the different levels of organization of a muscle down to myofilaments? What is a â€Å"sarcomere† and how are its proteins organized? The differentShow MoreRelatedWearing on Her Nerves: Exploring the Interrelation Between the Nervous and Muscular Systems1470 Words   |  6 PagesNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SC CE Wearing on Her Nerves: Exploring the Interrelation between the Nervous and Muscular Systems by Kathleen G. Brown, Nursing Department Sharon S. Ellerton, Biological Sciences and Geology Queensborough Community College, City University of New York Part I – Rise and Shine? Kathy, a 20-year-old woman, awakens one morning to a tingling, numb sensation covering both of her feet. This has happened to her a number of times throughout the yearRead MoreTreatment Options For Children With Adolescent Idiopathic1377 Words   |  6 Pagesmany unanswered questions regarding the child’s treatment, effects of treatment and long term quality of life after treatment. Like most parents, upon hearing my daughter’s diagnosis, a million questions came to mind including what does this mean for her health, can she still play sports, will she have pain, and mostly, will she live a normal life? Background: Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. Scoliosis affectsRead MoreGolfer with Brachial Neuritis Misdiagnosed Essay523 Words   |  3 Pagesremembered how she hurt her shoulder. The golfer said she had been at home during winter break and was wearing socks in the house. She said she was running and fell and when she was falling, she attempted to catch herself by using a nearby wall. Dr. Wallace then checked her strength by asking her to abduct her shoulders as far as she could. He then added resistance and noticed weakness in her right shoulder. He tested the ligaments and told her they were all intact. He also asked her if she had been experiencingRead MoreExplain How Biological Factors May Affect One Cognitive Process1659 Words   |  7 Pagesin the past. It’s in the frontal lobe that memory is recalled - this is where the brains explores and recalls important information. In this essay, I ’m going to look at three cases, which study how memory is affected after a negative impact, such as an accident or a virus. The first study I’m going to look at is HM’s case. HM was born in America in 1926. He fell off a bicycle at the age of 7, injuring his head. Three years later, he began suffering from minor epileptic seizures. By the age of 27Read MoreMy High School Health Teacher Essay915 Words   |  4 Pages Mrs. Garfield was a staple of Cardozo High School. The rowdy health teacher was well known by the entire staff and all of the students. Her presence rivaled thunder; her cackling laugh could be heard from across the building and she initially imposed anxiety in new students. A polarizing force, Mrs. Garfield left students either loving or hating her. However, on June 5th, 2011, Mrs. Garfield made an announcement that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Time seemed to stand still andRead MoreCase Study aP11743 Words   |  7 PagesCase Studies 1. A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others? Name specific organs that would be injured, as well as the abdominopelvic quadrant and region in which they are found. What injuries might you suspect in the damaged organs? The area is vulnerable becauseRead MoreEpilepsy Essay669 Words   |  3 Pagesor encephalitis. In over 70 percent of cases no cause for epilepsy were identified. About 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy. How this shocking and loathsome disorder is detected. In persons suffering from epilepsy, the brain waves, electrical activity in the part of the brain called the cerebral cortex, have a characteristically abnormal rhythm produced by excessive electrical discharges in the nerve cells. Because these wave patterns differRead MoreEssay on A Cure for Alzheimers1614 Words   |  7 Pages She was diagnosed with the disease just less than two years prior to her death. Throughout that time, I watched changes in my grandmother that made her seem like an entirely different woman to me. She gradually began losing her short-term memory and we began to see signs of her long-term memory degrading too. It began to get harder and harder to take her out into public without being afraid of what would happen next. Her emotions would fluctuate with the changing of each minute it seemed. PhysicallyRead More Premature Infancy Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesbabies. This is because the skin of a premature baby is very fragile and tender and can be bruised or broken very easily by a slight amount of pressure. For this reason, many preemies, especially early preemies, are better off not wearing clothing or diapers. Not wearing clothing helps make it easier for the doctor to work with the baby and keep the skins stress levels to a minimum. Even though the parents may want to hold and cuddle their baby, it is best for the child and the parents if theyRead MoreA Discussion on Animal Rights Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesinventively constructed new words and phrases. For example, when Washoe first saw a duck land on water, she gestured water bird, which is the same phrase used in English. Washoe invented that gesture for the occasion (Sagan 615). Lucy also displayed her creative mind by signing candy drink after tasting a watermelon. The description candy drink is essentially the same word form as the English water melon (Sagan 615). Another method of bridging the communication gap between humans and animals

Continuously Contemporary Accounting - 1692 Words

Introduction Over the past years there have been many accounting measurement systems developed to replace or serve as a supplement to historical cost accounting. However it is not possible, at present, to state which system, if any, is likely to replace the historical cost system. Perhaps the most notable system is Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA), proposed by Australian researcher, Raymond Chambers. Chambers quoted â€Å"†¦that thousands of shareholders had lost millions of dollars on security investments made on the basis on out-of-date information or on fiction which were reported as facts† (Deegan, 2000, p.112). In light of his comments Chambers believed that his system will provide relevant, accurate and up to date†¦show more content†¦This is because CoCoA has many advantages over historical cost accounting. CoCoA is based on common sense and simple to understand. The language used to describe and support the theory can be easily understood by statement users â€Å"as it is based on common sense and has implicit relevance to the field of accounting which has been accepted without scrutiny† (Laing, 2000, p.4). This brings us to the next point; CoCoA provides data that is relevant and useful for decisions whether continuity of existence is likely or unlikely. According to Henderson, Peirson and Harris (2004), continuity of existence is possible only if the entity adapts to changed circumstances. A failure to adapt is inviting the entity’s demise. Financial reports that emphasise adaptive capacity show the ability of an entity to adapt, by selling off its existing assets and buying an alternative set to ensure its survival. Alternatively, if liquidation is likely, the financial reports show data that is relevant. There is no necessity to switch to a different system of accounting when liquidation is imminent. CoCoA also avoids the difficulties encountered in historical cost system, of allocating costs for depreciation where the benefit pattern and the life of an asset can only be estimated. CoCoA depreciation however â€Å"is based solely on the decline in the current cashShow MoreRelatedOriginal Alternative Methods Of Historical Cost Accounting966 Words   |  4 Pagesutilize the Historical Cost accounting to report financial statements and reflect the profitability of business. It is more conventional and simple method. Nevertheless, when considered in relation to inflation and price changes, the alternative methods such as Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA), Continuously Contemporary Accounting(CoCoA) and Current Cost Accounting(CCA) would be more appropriate. There is an assumption that ‘ applying those alternative forms of accounting to adjust items in financialRead More7101AFE Financial Accounting Theory And Practice Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Accounti ng Theory and Practice Tutorial Questions for Tutorials 1- 6: Semester 1 2015 TUTORIAL 1 - Semester 1 2015 Deegan Topic 1: Introduction to financial accounting theory QUESTION 1 – Question 1.2: If you developed a theory to explain how a person’s cultural background influences how they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? The first of all, it is important to understand the mean by a ‘theory’. According to Contemporary AccountingRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Article : For Which Purposes Do Managers Use Balanced Scorecards?: an Empirical Study1019 Words   |  5 Pages1. Summary Resulting from the constantly changing environment, the accounting information systems transform and renovate continuously, for instance, the development from traditional costing system to activity-based costing or the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) which is an up-to-date system that connects non-financial and financial performance measures to a company s overall strategy (Kaplan and Norton 1996). The article aims at demonstrating the specific purposes for which managers use the BalancedRead MoreCoca-Colas Principles of Budgeting955 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizational culture; ascertaining that the budgeting procedure is operated in the same way as their planning, namely cautiously, thoroughly, and specifically before instantly acting on it; creating incentives for optimal performance; prioritizing; continuously updating and monitoring the budgeting plans; ensuring excellent communication through all division when budgeting planning is in process. Guidance regarding earnings was one of the prime components of the traditional budgeting process. Coca-ColaRead MoreThe Importance Of Inventory Management Systems Of Asda Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"To critically evaluate the importance of inventory management systems of Asda, UK† Abstract The topic has been chosen for research is to critically evaluate the inventory management systems of retail industry in UK. This industry is continuously growing up with pleasure of customers even the fluctuation in customer choices. Moreover, this sector has been hugely impacted from 2008 to 2010 by the economic crisis, when customer did not have enough money to spend. As a result some retail businessesRead MoreBUS1001 SEMESTER 1 ESSAY 3rd Of Novembe794 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement function has largely been made redundant by the more recent empirical studies of what managers actually do, such as that favoured by Mintzberg. Intro: (89words) Management has constantly been a broad topic. Managing human resources is continuously unpredictable because we all react differently in comparable scenarios. However, for managers it is vital to be able to control an organisation efficiently, in order to exploit any opportunities open to it. Henri Fayol deliberated management backRead More An Analysis of To Have without Holding by Marge Piercy1390 Words   |  6 Pagesis for her to stray from that ideal in this instance. As the poem evolves, one can begin to see the author having a conflict with values, while simultaneously expressing which values are hers and which are unnatural to her. She accomplishes this accounting of values by personalizing her position in a somewhat unsettling way throughout the poem. I was first drawn to the poem by the title. The interesting use of capitalization caught my attention. Why wasnt the letter w in the word without capitalizedRead MoreCritical Thinking Exercise1726 Words   |  7 Pagessatisfied. 17. The company must desist from its deficit financing immediately. Ans: The company must forbear from its financial loss immediately. 18. This antiquated merchandising strategy is ineffectual in contemporary business operations. Ans: This old sales strategy is unsuccessful in contemporary business operations. 19. Percentage return on common stockholders ‘equity averaged 23.1 for the year. Ans: Profit on common stockholders’ equity averaged 23.1 for the year. 20. The company’s retainedRead MoreAccounting As A Career2623 Words   |  11 Pagesinvestigate the major I have chosen, Accounting. Because my goal is to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), I would like to know more of what it entails. Dealing with numbers, and recording and projecting the earnings of a company, accountants are placed with the responsibility of keeping track of the moneys of a business. God has blessed me with skills in the areas of mathematics and organization, which caused me to look for an occupation that utilizes both. Accounting seemed a logical choice sinceRead MoreEssay on How Technology Influences Children1331 Words   |  6 Pageson in their participation and negotiation of the technological environment. Assuming the position that childhood is a social phenomenon and children are active participants of society worthy of study in their own right, in-depth interviews have continuously been analyzed utilizing the grounded theory approach to de velop an understanding for the topic under study. Data analyses reveal that children assume an autonomous nature, constructing, interpreting, and manipulating their technological environment

The Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins - 1299 Words

The book The Hunger Games takes place in the U.S many years after a war that put the world in total chaos. The last semblance of civilization is the capital Panem, and its 13 surrounding districts. Rebellions started to erupt through the districts to overthrow the capitals rule, but in the ended lasted in the defeat of the rebellions, and the destruction of district 13, who were the coordinators of the rebellion. As punishment for the rebellion, the capital has an annual competition named â€Å"The hunger games† where every year one boy and girl less than 19 years old from each district must compete in a to the death competition until one survivor remains. The book begins in district 12 on the eve of what is called a reaping where a boy and girl are randomly chosen to be put into the games. Katniss Everdeen is the story s 16-year-old main character, and everything that unfolds in the story is seen entirely through her eyes. A major influence for Suzanne Collins was based on the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur, where as punishment for displeasing Crete, Athens periodically had to send seven youths and seven maidens to Crete, where they were thrown into the labyrinth and devoured by the Minotaur, which is a monster that’s half man and half bull. The message that ultimately spoke to Collins was that messing with a higher power would have its consequences, and having children being slaughtered as the parents watched helplessly really impacted Collins. For her, havingShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3246 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Unit The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway’s The Cellist of Sarajevo demonstrates the way in which people are affected by war, and a brutal dictatorship. The authors illustrates the main purpose for writing their novel through the use of imagery, characterization, foreshadowing, flashback, similes, and symbolism. Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway use imagery and characterization to vividly describe the effects and outcomes of war and dictatorship. Suzanne Collins portrays,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie or the book the Hunger Games came out with a bang when it first hit theaters or the shelves of the bookstores. It was dubbed as one of the best films or books to read, interestingly enough it was a remake of the stories or myths most people heard when they were younger, but modernized and turned into a collage of all the best roman and Greek stories. Suzanne Collins brilliantly combined the Greek and Roman influences to make the movie/book unforgettable. By using stories from the romansRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin899 Words   |  4 Pages Suzanne Collin’s â€Å"Hunger Games† seems to be about a dystopian society struggle to become a utopia. However, when the readers read further in to the book or watches the movie one can see that is about all the characters that make use human. As human, we feel the need to build an ethical framework based on our needs for authority rather than tradition. The Capitol in the Hunger Games exploits human needs to keep authority in place. After rising seas and poverty consumed much of the land, the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1419 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional atmosphere within a dystopian state, there exists an absence of feeling which competes for dominance. Suzanne Collins’ demonstrates this competing apathetic mood in her novel, The Hunger Games, through the citizens of the divided dystopia of Panem. This essay will analyze the origins and influence of apathy on a people and an individual, in both a political and personal sense. Collins’ main argument, that citizens’ facing governmental oppression can either become compliant with apathy, or, insteadRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins854 Words   |  4 PagesIn a place where poverty is prevalent and a country is ruled b y a tyrannical dictator is it possible for an individual to trust others when their own life is always at stake? In the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character Katniss Everdeen is a survivor. In the novel she is put into an arena to compete against twenty-three other tributes to the death. This is not the only time during which she has to fend for herself; at home she had to care for her family and keep them aliveRead MoreThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins710 Words   |  3 Pages‘’The hunger games’’ is a novel written by Suzanne Collins, published in 2008. The genre of the book is thriller/survival, and is written over 27 chapters with 454 pages. In this analysis, I will tell you about how the main character Katniss changes through the novel, and tell you a little about the central characters that plays an important role for her. ‘’The Hunger Games’’, is set in the future in the country Panem, and is about the sixteen-year-old girl, Katniss Everdeen. Panem is divided intoRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3514 Words   |  15 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction, dystopian post-apocalyptic series that takes place in a futuristic North American nation called Panem. The film series is based on the novel series of the same title written by Suzanne Collins. Many who watch the films view them as an action-packed adventure series, but The Hunger Games, like many other dystopian films, feature social and political subjects that relate back to past and present culture. Dystopian films like the Hunger Games provide messages,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is about a sixteen year old girl named Katniss and how she needs to fight for her life. The Hunger Games takes place in an arena in the Capitol of Pa nem. There are 24 tributes, two from each District. The games were created to punish the Twelve Districts for trying to create an uprising against the Capitol. Suzanne Collins book could be compared to the United States and how people obsess with the way they look, discrimination is still occurring, and how the governmentRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1487 Words   |  6 PagesMy first text is The Hunger Games which is written by Suzanne Collins and it was written in September 14 2008; was set in the future, around the year 2087. My second text which is 1984, which is written by George Orwell and was written on Wednesday June 8 1949 and it was set in 1948. There are many themes in the book hunger games such as ‘the inequality between rich and poor’, ‘suffering as environment’ and ‘the importance of appearances’. In 1984 there is also many themes portrayed such as ‘theRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the novel written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referred to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This film

Parasites And Their Virulence Essay Example For Students

Parasites And Their Virulence Essay ABSTRACT Why do some parasites kill the host they depend upon while others coexist with their host? Two prime factors determine parasitic virulence: the manner in which the parasite is transmitted, and the evolutionary history of the parasite and its host. Parasites which have colonized a new host species tend to be more virulent than parasites which have coevolved with their hosts. Parasites which are transmitted horizontally tend to be more virulent than those transmitted vertically. It has been assumed that parasite-host interactions inevitably evolve toward lower virulence. This is contradicted by studies in which virulence is conserved or increases over time. A model which encompasses the variability of parasite-host interactions by synthesizing spatial (transmission) and temporal (evolutionary) factors is examined. Lenski and May (1994) and Antia et al. (1993) predict the modulation of virulence in parasite-host systems by integrating evolutionary and transmissibility factors. INTRODUCTION Why do certain parasites exhibit high levels of virulence within their host populations while others exhibit low virulence? The two prime factors most frequently cited (Esch and Fernandez 1993, Toft et al. 1991) are evolutionary history and mode of transmission. Incongruently evolved parasite-host associations are characterized by high virulence, while congruent evolution may result in reduced virulence (Toft et al. 1991). Parasites transmitted vertically (from parent to offspring) tend to be less virulent than parasites transmitted horizontally (between unrelated individuals of the same or different species). Studies in which virulence is shown to increase during parasite-host interaction, as in Eberts (1994) experiment with Daphnia magna, necessitate a synthesis of traditionally discrete factors to predict a coevolutionary outcome. Authors prone to habitually use the word decrease before the word virulence are encouraged to replace the former with modulate, which empha sizes the need for an inclusive, predictive paradigm for parasite-host interaction. Evolutionary history and mode of transmission will first be considered separately, then integrated using an equation discussedby Antia et al. (1993) and a model proposed by Lenski and May (1994). Transmission is a spatial factor, defined by host density and specific qualities of host-parasite interaction, which gives direction to the modulation of virulence. Evolution is a temporal factor which determines the extent of the modulation. The selective pressures of the transmission mode act on parasite populations over evolutionary time, favoring an equilibrium level of virulence (Lenski and May 1994). DOES COEVOLUTION DETERMINE VIRULENCE? Incongruent evolution is the colonization of a new host species by a parasite. It is widely reported that such colonizations, whensuccessful, feature high virulence due to the lack of both evolved host defenses and parasitic self-regulation (Esch and Fernandez 1993, Toft et al. 1991). Unsuccessful colonizations must frequently occur when parasites encounter hosts with adequate defenses. In Africa, indigenous ruminants experience low virulence from Trypanosoma brucei infection, while introduced ruminants suffer fatal infections (Esch and Fernandez 1993). There has been no time for the new host to develop immunity, or for the parasite to self-regulate. Virulent colonizations may occur regularly in epizootic-enzootic cycles. SinNombre virus, a hemmorhagic fever virus, was epizootic in 1993 after the population of its primary enzootic host, Peromyscus maniculatus, had exploded, increasing the likelihood of transmission to humans (Childs et al. 1995). Sin Nombre exhibited unusually high mortality in human populations (Childs et al. 1995), which were being colonized by the parasite. It is assumed that coevolution of parasite and host will result in decreased virulence (Esch and Fernandez 1993, Toft et al. 1991). Sin Nombre virus was found to infect 30.4 % of the P. maniculatus population, exhibiting little or no virulence in the mice (Childs et al. 1995). Similar low levels of virulence have been found in the enzootic rodent hosts of Yersinia pestis (Gage et al. 1995). In Australia, decreased grades of virulence of myxoma virus have been observed in rabbit populations since the virus was introduced in 1951 (Krebs C. J. 1994). Many of the most widespread parasites exhibit low virulence, suggesting that success in parasite suprapopulation range and abundance may be the result of reduction in virulence over time. Hookworms are present in the small intestines of one-fifth of the worlds human population and rarely induce mortality directly(Hotez 1995). Evolution toward a higher level of virulence has been regarded as an unexplainable anomaly. Parasites which do less harm presumably have an advantage throughout a long coevolutionary association with their hosts. Eberts (1994) experiment with the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna and its horizontally transmitted parasite Pleistophora intestinalis suggests that coevolution does not determine the direction of the modulation of virulence. Virulence decreased with the geographic distance between sites of origin where the host and parasite were collected (Ebert 1994). Thus, the parasite was significantly more virulent in hosts it coexisted with in the wild than it was in novel hosts. Many viruses, such as Rabies (Lyssavirus spp.), persist in natural populations while maintaining high levels of virulence in all potential hosts (Krebs, J. W. 1995). Ex tinction is not an inevitable outcome of increased virulence (Lenski and May 1994). Increased or conserved virulence during coevolution callsinto question long held assumptions about the effect of coevolution on parasitic virulence (Gibbons 1994). Parasitic virulence frequently changes over coevolutionary time, but the length of parasite-host association does not account for the virulence of the parasite. Transmission has been identified as the factor which determines the level of parasitic virulence (Read and Harvey 1993). TRANSMISSION AND THE DIRECTION OF MODULATION Herres (1993) experiment with fig wasps (Pegoscapus spp.) and nematodes (Parasitodiplogaster spp.) illustrates the effect of transmission mode on parasitic virulence. When a single female wasp inhabited a fig, all transmission of the parasite was vertical, from the female to her offspring. The parasites fitness was intimately tied to the fecundity of the host upon which it had arrived. When a fig was inhabited by sever al foundress wasps, horizontal transmission between wasp families was possible. In the figs inhabited by a single foundress wasp, Herre found that less virulent species of the nematode were successful, while in figs containing multiple foundress wasps, more virulent species of the nematode were successful. Greater opportunity to find alternate hosts resulted in less penalty for lowering host fecundity. More virulent nematodes had an adaptive advantage when host density was high and horizontal transmission was possible. When host density was low, nematodes which had less effecton host fecundity ensured that offspring (i.e. future hosts) would be available. Christopher columbus - american hero or portuguese EssayAn alternative explanation for the reduced virulence of congruently evolved hosts and parasites is the prudent parasitehypothesis (Esch and Fernandez 1993), in which parasitic virulence decreases in response to host mortality. Parasites which are too virulent drive their hosts, and themselves, to extinction. Parasites which are less virulent persist in the host population. The prudent parasite hypothesis helps to account for the variation in coevolutionary outcome by linking host population dynamics with virulence, but it fails to describe the individual selective forces which modulate virulence over time. The prudent parasite hypothesis serves as the theoretical framework in which the factors determining parasitic virulence can be synthesized. Antia et al. (1993) and Lenski and May (1994) propose a tradeoff between transmissibility and induced host mortality which predicts that parasites will evolve toward a level of virulenc e which strikes an equilibrium in the parasite-host system. Equilibrium models suggest that P. intestinalis, which evolved a higher (yet appropriate) level of virulence in its host (Ebert1994), is a prudent parasite. Antia et al. (1993) use an equation developed by May and Anderson in 1983 to examine the tradeoffs in parasite-host interaction: Ro = (BN) / (a + b + v). Ro is the net reproductive rate of a parasite, B is the rate parameter for transmission, N is host density, a is the rate of parasite induced host mortality, b is the rate of parasite-independent host mortality and v is the rate of recovery of infected hosts. Parasite populations grow when transmission or host density increase, when host mortalitydecreases or when hosts recover slowly. Studies have established a positive correlation between transmissibility (B) and host mortality (a) (Ebert 1994, Antia et al. 1993, Lenski and May 1994). Parasite populations which exhibit high transmissibility (i.e. virulence) within a host population are simultaneously lowering host density. When host density is low, parasites which exhibit high virulence may kill their hosts before contact with new hosts occurs. Thus, transmissibility is a spatial factor which describes the likelihood of contact between hosts and, ultimately, between a parasite and its host. Lenski and May (1994) propose an evolutionary sequence in which parasite populations adapt to the changes they cause in host density (Fig. 1). A parasite suprapopulation is likely to include a range of genotypes which are expressed in different potential levels of virulence (Lenski and May 1994). When host density is high, more virulent parasites are successful and host density is reduced. At a lower density of hosts, less virulent strains of the parasite are at a selective advantage as they increase host survival during infection and allow more time for transmission to occur. Also, more virulent strains of the parasite are prone to induce mortality in entire subsets of the host population, driving themselves to extinction along with their hosts. This pattern repeats over time, lowering virulence with each adjustment to declining host population size. Extinction of the host population is avoided when sufficient variation is present in the parasite population (Lenski and May 1994). The evolutionary sequence may be reversed to explain evolution toward higher virulence when parasitic virulence is below theequilibrium level. More virulent strains of the parasite outcompete less virulent strains when host density is above equilibrium. Conservation of virulence over time occurs when a stable equilibrium is maintained. Conserved virulence may be high (Lenski and May 1994), but it reflects stability within a system dictated by a unique set of transmission factors. Many parasites must reach a certain population size within the host to be successfully transmitted, while in certain systems, sacrifice of one host facilitates transmission to the next host (i.e. interspecies transmission). The inclusiveness of the equilibrium model gives it great potential for accurate predictability of a broad range of parasite-host interactions. CONCLUSION Traditional assumptions about the factors determining parasitic strategy have been largely apocryphal, ignoring contradictory evidence (Esch and Fernandez 1993). Equilibrium models synthesize the temporal (i.e. evolutionary) factors and spatial (i.e. transmission) factors characteristic of parasite-host systems. Time is required to modulate virulence, while spatial factors such as host density and transmission strategy determine the direction of the modulation. The development of an inclusive, accurate model has significance beyond theoretical biology, given the threat to human populations posed by pathogens such as HIV (Gibbons 1994). Mass extinctions such as the Cretaceous event may have resulted from parasite-host interaction (Bakker 1986), and sexual reproduction (i.e. recombination of genes during meiosis) may have evolved to increase resistance to parasites (Holmes 1993). Parasitism constitutes an immense, if not universal, influence on the evolution of life, with far-reaching paleological and phylogenetic implications. A model which synthesizes the key factors determining parasitic virulence and can predict the entire range of evolutionary outcomes is crucial to our understanding of the history and future of species interaction. Science Essays

Apple Function and Form free essay sample

Apple’s product line extends from iPhone to iPod, from softwares to customer aid programs, and all are directed to seek the maximum customer value for maximum competitive advantage. This report focuses on the case study of Apple Inc. evaluating the importance of competitive advantage, the means of achieving them, the generic strategy used by Apple and the implementation, advantages and limitations of these strategies. In the end, we have also elaborated the recommendations to these limitations. Apple Inc.  is the name of a multinational company, that makes personal computers, consumer electronics, computer software, servers and is a vast distributor of media content. Apple has gone far from being just a company. It has become a company that specializes in almost all computer products all the way from 1976 (Dpnick330. wikidot. com, 2008). Apple found its existence in the year 1976 when Steve Jobs and Steve Woznaik released the Apple I in California (Nostoptechnology. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Function and Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com, 2014). Since then apple has been flourishing and providing its market with the products of innovation. The creation of the iPhone gave a competitive edge to the company, released in 2001. The very first computer with GUI (Graphical User Interface) was Apple Lisa which was launched by Apple in 1984 (Bellis, 2013). The company with the help of its founder Steve Jobs realized the key to success was to excel in softwares and provide innovation by all means. Jobs, with the help of Wozniak, wanted to create a friendly desktop which would enable the users to use computers not as a hobby, at its very start (Lu? sted, 2012). Apple has been extending its chain of products and now offers longer, broader and bigger Book of Apple Hacks with tactics and tricks to get the most out of iPod, iPhone and Apple Tv (Seibold, 2008). As Jobs took care of the finances, Wozniak was taking care of improving the functionality of the company’s products from the very start. (Linzmayer and Linzmayer, 2004) Objectives: Objectives are the expected outcomes, the report will accomplish. They should be SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely), corporate, functional, systematic, operational, hierarchical, quantitative, realistic and consistent. The report will encompass the following objectives: †¢The competitive strategy used by Apple Inc. †¢The measures taken to implement this strategy. †¢Examples of using these strategies for giving a competitive edge. †¢Advantages of this strategy by evaluation. †¢Limitations of this strategy by evaluation. †¢Recommendations to improve and enhance the competitive position of Apple Inc. Main Findings: Competitive Advantage: Competitive advantage is the means by which a company can perform better than its competitors and gain higher profits. The ability to create more economic  value than competitors is a company’s competitive advantage. Competitive advantage for any company is accomplished when the company creates superior value for its customers in comparison to its customers (Porter, 1998). One of the hottest trends in the business today is analyzing the best methods of companies to enhance their performance (Boxwell, 1994). When enhancing the company’s performance, innovation must be a main feature and the company should introduce new means of attracting the customers. When the customers are attracted, profit is gained which attracts customers and limits competitors. Competitive advantage is always temporary because the competitors often offer something new/better or imitate the offering. When the firm’s offering is average, customers don’t prefer it. This limits the cost advantage of the company. Sometimes the competitive advantage doesn’t come in handy especially when the offerings made by the firms are not preferable, are outdated, costly or have a negative image in the market. There are two measures to evaluate competitive advantage: the first is accounting measures which include advantage, parity and disadvantage ; the other is economic measures including above normal, normal and below normal. In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage the firm should make offerings which cannot be imitated, should be focusing on customer benefits, and should be sustainable against time, competition and environmental changes. Business Level Strategy: The ability of a company to evaluate systematic environmental changes and its competitors impact of change for enhancing the performance of a company is known as the business or corporate level strategy of that company (Furrer, 2011). Business Level options focus on firms operating as individuals. Corporate Level options concentrate on options available where a firm diversification and different markets, each with its own strategy, business team and profit centre. A corporate level adds up the corporate more and is more than the sum of its parts (Business Community, 2012). Strategic Clock: Business level strategy uses a strategic clock which aims at gaining the maximum competitive advantage on the basis of perception of money from prices. The clock represents different positions referring to the different customer requirements. It helps companies understand the changing trends of  the market and competitors strategies to enhance the performance. There are four strategies under this subject and they are: 1. No Frills Strategy: low priced offering low benefits includingcommodity markets, Price-sensitive customers, High power, low switching costs among buyers and Opportunity to avoid major competitors. 2. Low-Price Strategy: offering lower prices than competitors. This includes, Margin reductions and Inability to reinvest. 3. Hybrid Strategy: seeks at achieving differentiation and low price strategies together. 4. Differentiation Strategy: Seeks at providing the maximum quality with no cost considerations and maximum focus on the value. Apple Inc. uses this strategy to gain the maximum competitive advantage. Other strategies are failures, strategies that include increasing price without the product benefits, reduction in product benefits either by increasing prices or maintaining price-loss market share. Generic Strategies: What exactly is a strategy? Strategy is the direction implemented by the company in order to achieve its long term objectives and gain competitive advantage (Johnson and Scholes et al. There is a direct relationship with strategy is with objectives and tactics. Objectives are the points a company needs to achieve and tactics are the methods of how they will be achieved with the aid of strategies. Strategic choices depend on basis of strategies, strategic directions and finally methods of implementing them. A competitive strategy is the systematic search of competitive advantage of the company through its strategic means (Eldring, 2009). Thinking critically, a competitor is the only action a company has as a way to success (Kossowski, 2007). In the 1980s, Professor Michael Porter argued that there were only four fundamental strategic options the companies usually use and are called as Porter’s Generic Strategy Options. He identified four primary principles as: †¢Cost leadership. †¢Differentiation. †¢Focus cost leadership. †¢Focus differentiation. Apple’s Mission statement: A mission statement of a firm is the goals and objectives confined in a statement which a firm expects to accomplish in a long period of time and thus a broader way. Apple’s mission statement, according to the year 2013, is focused on making the best computers in the world along with their other products which included MAC, OS X, iLife, iWork and professional softwares (Strategic Management Insight, 2013). Apple leads the digital revolution for giving a new innovative idea to the phones of today along with the music industry through iTunes and iPods. Apple’s Strategy: Apple uses differentiation strategy rather than cost leadership strategy because for apple, it is not about making the most out of its products, but it’s about making the best out of its products (Riley, 2013). Apple’s differentiation strategy is a part of Porter’s generic strategy. This kind of strategy offers something that is innovative and new in the market and can be both service and the product itself. Innovations from competitors are striving to defect Apple’s ecosystem, but Apple is giving them a tough competition (Canada, 2012). It is differentiated when it makes and offers more benefits than the core products as an augmented product in a form of customer service, customer support, etc. This strategy offers premium money and focuses on increasing the quality of the product or a service. Generic differentiation occurs when the quality of the products offered by the company are above the expectations of the customers. Such strategies imply to focus on increasing the price of the products compared to the competitors thereby increasing the competitive advantage. Apple uses its differentiation strategy through the following ways. †¢Service: Service must become an efficient means of achieving as a competitive weapon and should not become a damage control function in order to enhance performance with customers (Frei and Morriss, 2012). Apple exceeds the quality of its services by providing customer support through their outlets and on the web. Employees at Apple are told not to sell, but to help customers solve their problems. That is the reason the number of visits to apple sites and outlets are more than that of Walt Disney (Hanselman, 2011). It made a new benchmark for providing ‘unmatched services’ which has made its own customers. The Apple company has scored the highest in PC makers’ customer service survey (Secrets of Apple’s customer success, 2014). †¢Brand: Brand is a type of a product manufactured under a product name (Ibsen, 2007). Apple finds itself at the peaks of the most valuable brands as its competition in the world (Cole, 2013). The brand has extensively increased the bar by introducing innovation again and again in the extension of its product line over the decades (Badenhausen, 2013). As stated in Apples Most Important Branding Lesson For Marketers (Mourdoukoutas, 2013) Out of all the lessons marketers can learn from apple one has an ultimate significance that is branding begins on the demand side. Apple has made its brand image by delivering quality products and receiving customer loyalty in exchange. Apple has raised the bar for its brand, using innovation as a key. For examples the use of Walkmans and music players were terminated when a small and confined iPod was introduced in the market by Apple. Similarly the use of computers was more comforting when technologies like laptops, Macbooks, notebooks etc. replaced desktops. Apple also provided its customers with great technologies in phones and softwares like Microsoft. In short, Apple provides more than the needs and demands of the customers by giving them value and satisfaction and always raising their own standards. †¢Marketing techniques: As stated in Apple’s iPhone Marketing Strategy Exposed, (Mckormack, 2013), Apple has no marketing budget and doesn’t advertise its products anywhere, but uses exclusivity technique. Apple used this technique by not only offering special offers on its products, but also made the whole product line exclusive. For example, iPhone product range is made exclusively. Limiting the availability of the products attracts most of the apple customers. This conformed to the unique nature of the products of Apple, which made its accessibility and demand more. Apple marketing strategy comes under the famous tag line ‘Sell on value, not price’ as the company aims at seeking the customer value as a priority. Apple turns something ordinary into innovative, justify its prices, ignores its critics, extends the experience, easy understanding with the customers, builds the tribe and makes a name. In January 1997 Apple incorporated a three point marketing philosophy which was based upon customer loyalty (Moorman, 2012). Apple has been following this philosophy since thirty five years and this is the reason because it was voted overall winner of the 2012 of CMO Survey Award for Marketing Excellence (Cmosurvey. org, 2014). †¢Online Business: Apple also deals in making e business with its customers. It sells, assists and aware its customers through online websites. Customers from different locations and areas can access the sites for any related problems or information on the products and services of apple. It makes free shipping orders using FOB methods. The App store did $10 billion sales and $1 billion sales in December out of which 65% came from the online business yet alone (Yarow, 2013). Advantages of differentiation strategy: Following are the benefits of the strategy. †¢Customer Loyalty: Apple has the most customer loyalty compared to its competitors. An iPhone customer is hard to debate with an android customer. Apple customers forever stay with its brand and never turn to its customers because of the value it provides to its customers. The extensive customer loyalty of Apple lies in its simplicity to use and reliability concerns (Rogowsky, 2013). †¢An increasing competitive advantage: Being unique and giving extraordinary services makes Apple a leading brand with an increasing competitive advantage. The prices of Apple products are always high, but the quality and the value justify them all. Apple focuses on the value not the price or revenue. Putting every factor together Apple has a differential advantage that is challenging to put forth for any of its competitors (Magee, 2011). Limitations of the differentiation Strategy: Following are the limitations of Apple’s strategy: †¢Difficulty in managing the strategy: It is comparatively hard and difficult to maintain the differentiation strategy as many factors need to be considered in evaluating the value. †¢Higher costs: Apple’s products are always of high costs due to which many of its customers are drifting away. Some of the loyal Apple shareholders believe that Apple is making a huge mistake by blindly focusing on short term profits in the mobile industry and denying the current realities (Blodget, 2013a). Apple is being defeated by Samsung, because of its high prices, which is the leading smart phone company in the market (Kovach, 2014). Recommendations: Following are the recommendations for apple. †¢Introduce reasonable costs and focus b and c type markets. †¢Introduce more innovation in the differentiation strategy. †¢Maintain its strong brand by also providing the advertisements. †¢Keep awareness about its competitors and other external factors. Conclusion: The report envisaged the ways and the importance of competitive advantage prevailing in Apple Inc.  It also elaborated and evaluated the generic strategy used by the company that is Differentiation strategy. This report elaborated the means and the implemented of the strategy under focus along with its advantages and limitations. Furthermore, it contributed in explaining the recommendations.

How was world war 1 won by the allies essays

How was world war 1 won by the allies essays How was World War I won by the allies? The first world war must have been one of the greatest technological period in the decennia , and one of the most cruel because they did not yet know what they had found out for example mustard gas ,the tanks and their rifles, which caused great loses on both sides of the war. I will answer the question How was WWI won by the allies? I will discuss what I think what was the most important event in 1916, 17 and 18. In February 1916 the Germans captured strategic points, the French forts where first to fall. Both sides gave all , the French and the Germans attacked and counter attacked each other until one finally the French army got so thin and scattered that the Germans where closing in. But the English came to help and planned an attack on the Somme; a 1.25 million people had died. Including the best, most experienced soldiers and officers from Germany. This was seen as an expensive failure, but now we see it as an event that had an influence on the end of the war. Also new tactics like, the creeping barrage, the artillery ambush and the tank, where developed and used by the Allies, because the artillery became more and more accurate. In 1917 the creeping barrage where brought into plan. This was a unit of soldiers moving forward slowly behind a barrage of artillery, and when retreating from up marching German soldiers the Germans would be hit by the artillery, this was only possible by the accuracy of the artillery. The Germans introduced the submarines because they suspected that USA was supplying the French and the English with food and other goods, they not only sank military boats but also passengers boats, this raged the Americans and declared war on the Germans in 1st of April. The Americans send troops but not enough yet they still didnt h ...

Speaking annhiliation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Speaking annhiliation - Assignment Example He links the Little Ice age to well known historical events such as retreat of Napoleon from Moscow and the discovery of the new world by the Europeans. The role of crop failure in French revolution cannot be undermined .The book underlines the important relation that humans have with nature. The important thesis of the article is the correlation between man and nature. Man may believe that he has tamed nature to his wishes but he is made aware of the actual situation time and again. Most of the decisions taken by mankind are ruled by the forces of nature. Although many would like to believe that there was not enough technological advancement during that time to fight nature but the article does make one think about the present changes in the environment and the little role humans can play in it. The article provides a sobering thought about the power of nature and how humans have and always will evolve their life along these changes – any effort to control the faces of nature will always come to a

Health Promotion Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Promotion Plan - Essay Example Compared to the mortality rates from all races, deaths from malignant neoplasms are higher among African Americans as the mortality rate of malignant neoplasms from all races is only 321.2; meanwhile, hypertension is cited as the 10th most common cause of death among African Americans and the ever-present predisposing factor for diseases of the heart, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and kidney diseases (HealthyPeople.gov, 2012, n.p.). With the identification of hypertension as the problem of the population or the underlying determinants of certain chronic diseases, health promotion will be geared towards addressing hypertension among African Americans aged 55 years and older, promoting multi-sectoral policies and programs to improve health and reduce health disparities, and educating the public about evidence-based interventions to prevent, treat and control hypertension. In addition, it is easy address hypertension than malignant neoplasms among African Americans as hypertension is a modifiable, controllable risk factor. Objective In the Healthy People 2020 Objectives for heart disease and stroke, a 10-percent improvement from baseline is set to determine efficacy of health promotion, intervention, or treatment. The proportion of adult African Americans who died from hypertension is 23.4; thus, the main objective of this paper is to reduce the proportion of adults (aged 55 years and older) who died from hypertension from 23.4 to 21.1 (HDS-5.1). Aspects of Collaboration To prevent hypertension and promote health, collaboration from government, local community, clinicians, other health care professionals, nurse-managed hypertension facilities, public health workers and community outreach workers, and patients is a must. Each of the following care professionals has their own aspects of collaboration of how to promote health and prevent hypertension. Government agencies are responsible for implementing policies and programs to address hypertension and in fundi ng for the general health of the population. Community aspects of collaboration include civic, philanthropic, religious, and senior organizations that could provide locally focused orientation to the health needs of the diverse target population. Clinicians and other health care professionals influence or reinforce instructions to improve patient lifestyles and blood pressure control. Nurse-managed hypertension facilities also contribute to better hypertension control. Public health nurses and community outreach workers screen, identify cases, refer and track follow-up appointments, and educate patients. Meanwhile, patient is at the central core of collaboration as their motivation and compliance to treatment facilitate better blood pressure control and reduction of incidence of hypertension. Therefore, collaborative groups’ shared roles in preventing hypertension and promotion of health include reinforcing awareness of hypertension risks, conveying the importance of blood pr essure management, and educating effective lifestyle interventions, pharmacologic therapies, and treatment adherence (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004, 62). . Organizational/Policy Changes The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion stated that health promotion action means building healthy public policy which puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all

Of Mice and Men Assignment Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Assignment Essay Q. With reference to chapter four, what do you learn about prejudice and injustice in 1930s America? Of Mice and Men was set around the 1930s in California, America; where at the time of this classic novel was located. The New York Wall Street stock market had hit an all time low which led to and helped contribute to The Great Depression. Unemployment had hit and harsh poverty too had meant that migrant workers travelled to California in search of work. As the paragraph continues, we learn that the living conditions and working conditions were very poor. Workers couldnt do their jobs properly and were always worried about being canned as they say. Living conditions werent very good either; the ranches were very dirty, compact etc. I believe that Steinbeck wrote this novel because of his past experiences. He was a labourer, he worked very hard, the characters in this book can relate to Steinbeck himself, he wanted to express his views for everyone to see. Also, you can really tell that in Steinbecks opinion he is in favour of the workers in this novel. He being a labourer sways his views as in favour of the workers; you can tell he really thought The Great Depression was an awful experience to be involved in. When you see what his characters are saying, they reveal his feelings and thoughts, give good and bad memories, only inside a book. As we are in chapter four, we learn many things about some of the main characters. At the very beginning, we learn about the relationship of some of the characters with each other. The scene is set in Crooks room, many of the men have gone to the cathouse which is basically a whore house; most of the men have gone but Crooks, Lennie, Candy and Curleys wife have not gone. The most probable reason for this is due to the fact that Crooks, is a black stable buck and also an outsider, Lennie was told not to go by George, Candy is a very old man and Curleys wife is a woman. Even though Lennie doesnt really understand, he stumbles across Crooks room and decides to go in. Lennie really sets this chapter alight; he breaks off the divide between black and white and wants to make friends with Crooks: Lennie smiled helplessly in an attempt to make friends. Despite not knowing he is doing it, he is helping out a divide of people and bringing it together. He is such an interesting character but he wouldnt really know that he is so different to the other characters. Noiselessly Lennie appeared in the open doorway and stood there looking in no one else in the bunkhouse would have had the guts to enter Crookss room although Lennie didnt really know he wasnt supposed to. Lennie does quite the opposite to the others, which makes him so astonishing. A major part in this chapter shows how the other characters act when he is around. His actions and works influence others to bring back memories of their childhoods and really open up to him. kI was born right here in California. My old man had a chicken ranch is one example of Crooks opening up to Lennie as he would do to no other person. The characters relax more with Lennie in reflection of this chapter. One more interesting thing in this section of the book is the way Lennie is and is not affected by prejudice and injustice. At one part, he is affected by prejudice and injustice as he witnesses it happening and is picked on by others; Listen Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This shows prejudice and injustice around him towards Crooks. On the other hand, he is not affected by it as he has George to protect him from it and also doesnt really understand what it is. A vast part of prejudice and injustice in his book is the way Crooks is treated. Crooks is a middle aged black man who has had to work hard all of his life. Sadly, his role on the ranch is an unfortunate one. He is not allowed in the bunkhouse at all, or play games with the other members or be with them at certain times. He lives way out of the way of everyone else in a small room and spends most of his time there. This really shows how black men were treated in this period of time. Luckily, Crooks is not treated as badly as he could have been. He has an education and can read and write which can and also cannot help him at times. For instance, he can understand what others are saying about him, which is not very good. They dont like him because of the colour of his skin. Listen Nigger. This shows the colour of his skin being used against him by Curleys wife. As Lennie enters the room, Crooks does not really want him to come in, You got no right to come into my room. Soon after, they get into conversation and are soon talking normally after opening up to each other like friends would. When Candy enters, he tells him he might as well come in as everyone else is. Soon, he joins in conversation too. Not until Curleys wife enters though, do we see a change in Crooks. He doesnt have any power over anyone in the ranch and soon goes back into his shell. Women were not treated well either, of course, but Curleys wife could say or do whatever she wanted to a black man, including Crooks. You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This shows Curleys wife overpowering Crooks and unfortunately Crooks cannot do anything about it. With Crooks being educated and able to read, he has set himself real goals. He has learned how to cope with the bullying and racism and knows what to do. By not setting his goals too high, he does not expect anything too good, therefore does not mean he is too sad about what happens to him through his lie. Another person who plays a part in giving and experiencing racism is Curleys wife. She has certain powers compared to other women yet is still treated badly like other women. We learn that with women along with black people, had less power and were discriminated badly; therefore this shows that Curleys wife situation was similar to most other women, they were not respected and were treated badly. The men do not really like her in reflection, the likes of George, Crooks etc. dont really warm to her at any time. Her reaction to this is to snap at Crooks in this particular part of the book, she cannot take her anger out at anyone as she does not really have the power to apart from Crooks, so she bullies Crooks in this part, Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I can get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny. Curleys wife enters Crooks room with auction, she asks a question to which she knows the answer to, so she can join them, Any you boys seen Curley? shows this. In this chapter, we have to feel a bit sorry for her. We see how lonely she is at this time and since she is not allowed to be with anyone else, she cannot help herself looking for companionship. The reason behind her being so bitter about her life is simple; nothing has ever really gone right for her. By marrying Curley it has not helped her at all and she really thought she would make it as a Hollywood star, however, this did not turn out to be the life that she wanted, Think Im gonna lead with his left twice and then bring in the ol right cross? This piece shows her loneliness and her trouble which leads on to when she is told she is not wanted by the guys, she tells of her sadness and also decides to take it out on Crooks to help herself, it shows a similarity with Crooks, deprived of her rights and very lonely. Finally, the last person in this chapter to experience injustice and prejudice is Candy. A very old man, he was a typical old man who was not well liked, lonely and had a poor time of living with a bad job too. Candy, like most old men back then had a big worry of being canned as he was not really needed. There was no pension schemes or benefits, he would have had no where to go and would have probably just died. I planted crops for dam near everybody in this state, but they wasnt my crops, and when I harvested them, it wasnt none of my harvest. This shows Candy has worked very hard but does not have much and is not appreciated. The dream to have a place with George and Lennie means so much to him as if it does not happen, he will be eventually canned and have nowhere to go, You god dam right were gonna do it. This shows passion for the dream ranch. In truth, Candy is very similar to the dog he had. He, like the was old, not wanted and not of much use. This is very significant as you can see how much he was appreciated by everyone; not at all. In conclusion, we learn so much about life in the 1930s in America. We have four different accounts of people being treated unfairly and having injustice upon them. Lennie, Crooks, Curleys wife and Crooks all experience racism in some way. Lennie is abused for being quite clumsy and slow as well as being big, Crooks was racially abused for being old and black, Curleys wife is not liked because she is a woman and Candy is abused for being an old man. As you can see, there is not ethnic minority groups that escaped being abused; 1930s America was a racist and prejudice place to be. The writer Steinbeck is really sending a strong message out to the readers here. He tries to tell us all about how life could be if you were in a minority group. He repeats certain phrases and words to show enthusiasm of how bad it really was. All of his characters have strong points of view towards one another and really act as if they were real people. Basically, John Steinbeck shows that racism and injustice were strong in the 1930s and whoever you were, you could not really avoid it. Steinbeck gets this message across very well to the readers, by showing the characters different attitudes towards each other; most of the time there were not very pleasant. Whether you were black or white, male, female, disabled or anything else, you had a very good chance of either giving or being racially abused in America in the 1930s.

Vietnam: A History :: essays research papers

Vietnam: A History by Stanley Karnow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War, to me, is the most interesting war in American history. As someone once said, it is like a â€Å"shroud of a mystery, wrapped inside an enigma.† Before reading this book I had a general knowledge of the war. I knew about the communist insurgents, the Gulf of Tonkin, Saigon and Ho Chi Mihn. I knew about Presidents Johnson and Nixon, posttraumatic stress disorder and demonstrations. What I did not fully understand was why. Why were the North Vietnamese so resilient? Why did the US make such poor judgment? Why were we really there? What was Vietnam’s history prior to our arrival?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"History is an organic process, a continuity of related events, inexorable yet not inevitable.† (pg 11) The roots of America’s involvement in Vietnam were nurtured by what Professor Daniel Bell has called America’s concept of its own â€Å"exceptionalism.† George Berkeley, an Anglican bishop and philosopher stated in 1726 as he departed from England to America, â€Å"Westward the course of empire.† The phrase, ‘manifest destiny,’ was coined in 1845 to promote the annexation of Texas, originally, and to extend America to its natural boundaries. Promoters of the Homestead Act sought to open new territory for small farmers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Idealists such as Walt Whitman intended to project America’s â€Å"happiness and liberty† to the ancient cultures of Asia, â€Å"facing west from California’s shores, inquiring, tireless, seeking what is yet unfound†¦the land of migrations, look afar†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Around the turn of the century, America did grab Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, but it seemed that America kept a hands off approach with Asia, which the Europeans already had their hands on. There was little inclination for America to dominate foreign territories, since Americans were former British Colonial rebels. So Cuba was granted independence, and bids by Haiti and San Domingo to become American dominions were rejected. America, unlike Europe, refrained from plundering China, however, the ‘pacification’ program in the Philippines foreshadowed US strategy in Vietnam. America’s expansionism was almost evangelical, â€Å"as if the United States had been singled out by some divinity for the salvation of the planet.† (pg13) After World War II, FDR stressed that international post-war peace and stability would depend on America’s global leadership, and Woodrow Wilson pledged to â€Å"make the world safe for democracy.† Meanwhile, American missionaries began pouring into China. Many prominent Americans envisioned a Christian China with crosses on every hill and valley.

Michelle v Canconcert

Since Michelle suffers from depression, a recognized psychiatric illness, and does not suffer any physical injury, this is a case of duty of care (DOC) under Mental Harm (MM), as provided in sis CLAW. Circumstantial factors will be used to answer the reasonable verifiability question. From the facts, ‘sudden shock can be established as Michelle was in the midst of buying water when she was suddenly shocked by the bang and screams. Determination of DOC then falls upon sis(2)(b). The contentious issue is whether hearing the accident and its aftermath constituted Witnessing.A similar (but not identical) statutory interpretation issue arose in Wicks/ Sheehan, and the courts took a broad interpretation of the statute. Following this trend in interpretation, the concept of Witnessing should therefore not be limited to sense of ‘sight' alone, as it is reasonable in such circumstances for one to be affected psychotically by sounds. By referring to provisions in sis(1)(c) CLAW, it can be further inferred that in general, statute intends for witnessing to encompass both concepts of ‘sight' or ‘sound' for MM.It was reasonably foreseeable that Michelle could suffer MM under sis(2)(b) as she dinettes Ben being injured and put in danger. The fact that Ben's leg was broken due to the collapsed seating area shows that he was injured and being put in danger, and is still continually injured and being put in danger till Ben receives medical assistance. Therefore in considering those factors, it was reasonable for Michelle to suffer MM. DOC is established. Breach: The facts indicate that Concerted had been careless and caused the seating area to collapse.Since Consonance's conduct was negligent, there is breach of duty. Causation: In establishing necessary condition, the ‘but for' test is satisfied by showing that the incident had a profound effect on Michelle, resulting in depression. This satisfies factual causation. No scope of liability (SOL) iss ues as Michelle MM is direct result of the collapse seating area. Michelle depression is the kind of harm that is reasonably foreseeable due to Consonance's admitted negligence for the incident. Defenses: No defense available, thus Concerted fully liable for negligence.Fauna v Concerted Pity Ltd Since Fauna suffers from a depressive episode, a recognized psychiatric illness, and does not suffer any physical injury, this is a case of DOC under MM, as provided in sis CLAW. From the facts, ‘sudden shock can be established as Fauna received sudden tragic news about the concert. Given her close relationship to Ben, it is reasonably foreseeable that she will suffer from nervous shock. Fauna satisfies the provision in sis CLAW as she is Ben's mother, hence satisfying both sis(2)(c) and CLAW.It was established that Concerted admit liability in the tort of negligence concerning Ben's injuries. In pursuant to sis(1)(a) of CLAW, Consonance's liability should also extend to Fauna, as she is a parent of Ben and a family member of Ben. Fauna would have legal remedy in the tort of MM. Ben v Lisa As Alias's conduct was a clear positive act causing further injury, this is a non- problematic case. Existence of DOC depends on reasonable verifiability of class of plaintiffs. By subsuming Ben under a broad class of plaintiffs – ‘persons receiving aid' – the requirement of verifiability is easily fulfilled.Thus, it was reasonably foreseeable that Ben would suffer subsequent injury if Lisa failed to take reasonable care while rendering Ben aid. Hence, DOC is established, and Lisa is liable in relation to positive acts. Alias's act of treating Ben with poison was negligent. Since the possibility of carelessly rather injuring Ben by treating the wound with poison is not far-fetched or fanciful, verifiability exists. The significance of further injuring someone is also a substantial risk.In considering the reasonableness of possible precautions, the issue of s ocial utility may be raised to Justify the lack of taking precautions to avoid these risks. Yet, the likely conclusion is that Alias's act of treating Ben's wound with poison, which created a serious risk of harm, was not warranted, as Lisa has the option of taking precaution by checking if the bottle was in fact antiseptic liquid or poison. It as been established that even when acting for social benefit, the standard of care is higher for professional defendant, and carelessly treating a wound with poison constitutes negligence.In balancing the risk against the end, the risk that Lisa took when she treated Ben's wound with poison was not Justified as Lisa has work experience from SST John's ambulance, hence Lisa should exercise a higher degree of caution when treating Ben's wound. In those circumstances, a reasonable man would have taken precautions to prevent foreseeable risk. Therefore, Lisa was negligent and this constitutes breach. There are no contentious issues in satisfying necessary condition here. ‘But for' Alias's not have sustained further injury.Pursuant to sis(1)(b) CLAW, we need to consider whether it is appropriate to extend the defendant's SOL to the harm. Alias's act of negligence directly caused Ben further injury when she treated him with poison instead of antiseptic. Sustaining further injury is the kind of harm that is a reasonably foreseeable result of being treated with poison, as it is not far-fetched or fanciful, indicating Ben's injury. However, Lisa might argue that ‘but for' her negligence, Ben was still injured by Christopher gelignite.The manner of harm was a foreseeable result of Ben's injury as it is appropriate to hold Lisa responsible for the entire course of injury, even if Ben has sustained prior injury from Christopher negligence. Thus, Lisa has fulfilled the kind of harm and manner of harm test as Ben's injury was reasonably foreseeable due to Alias's negligent act. Lisa will try to seek protection from liabil ity under so CLAW. Lisa fits the definition of â€Å"Good Samaritan† as she goes to Ben's aid without expecting payment. However, to successfully use this defense, Lisa must prove that her act of assisting Ben was done oneself, and without recklessness.There is nothing on the facts to suggest dishonesty, but her act of treating Ben's wound with poison could possibly constitute recklessness. Ultimately, this should be decided by courts subjectively based on her circumstances, and if the defense applies, Lisa will not be liable for negligence. Darryl v Sarah Sarah owes a DOC to Darryl as an occupier of land because Darryl is an invitee to Sarah's property, making him a lawful entrant. Occupier-entrant relationship is an established duty category, thus the existence of DOC presents no challenge.Since it s reasonably foreseeable that visitors coming onto Sarah's land would suffer some kind of harm if Sarah failed to take reasonable care, Sarah owes Darryl an obvious Donahue type DOC. The issue is whether Sarah's omission to warn is part of DOC. An existing duty to act has to be established for omissions to constitute negligence. Sarah's requisite duty to act arises from Occupier's liability in ACT legislation – sass CLAW. Similar to Azalea, Sarah has a general duty as an occupier to act positively to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable risk of injury to entrants, in the circumstances.The DOC therefore clearly affords Sarah liability for omissions. Using sis CLAW, the breach enquiry examines Sarah's particular conduct to ascertain, as a question of fact, if Sarah has breached DOC. If Sarah's behavior is not reasonable, breach is established. Three potential breaches: 1) Sarah's failure to warn (by erecting a warning sign) is the most likely omission to constitute breach. 2) Failure to patch the gully, or to engage in physical impracticality of such precautions. 3) Failure to fence the gully is unreasonable as the gully is not a latent danger.The gully, in these circumstances, could not cause harm to anyone without the person actively ‘Jumping over it, and it requires a fence all around, not Just at the particular area where accident occurred. Since the reasonableness of second and third precautions is uncertain and highly dependent on nature of gully, by common sense the first precaution (to warn) seems the most practicable. Similar to Wong, a contextual and balance assessment would establish that putting up a warning sign constitutes a reasonable and effective response to the foreseeable risk in this instance.In deciding the nature of required warning, obviousness of risk is a factor to insider. There is no breach when obviousness of risk makes it reasonable for defendant not to respond to the risk of injury. This usually relates to omissions to warn. With reference to the facts, a reasonable person would have warned the entrant about the â€Å"rugged† nature of the premises, and the gravity and likelihood of Dairy's probable injury if he were to engage in outdoor activity with Sarah's motorbike. In this context, Sarah was required to take reasonable care by warning of this obvious danger.From the facts, Sarah was negligent by failing to put up warning signs about the possible danger arising from the gully. Breach is established. There are two requirements for causation in sis CLAW. Firstly, negligence has to be a necessary condition of harm. Similar to Ideals Palace, there is no evidence to find that Sarah's omission to warn, was a necessary condition of Dairy's harm. The ‘but for' test, functioning as a negative criterion of causation, fails here, as it is unreasonable to assume that Darryl would not have â€Å"Jumped† over the gully if Sarah had not been negligent in warning him.Simply showing the possibility of different consequences in the absence of defendant's negligent omission cannot satisfy actual causation. Darryl must therefore establish on the balance of probab ilities that he would have responded to the warning in such a way as to avoid the danger. Given Dairy's thrill seeking nature, he would still have attempted to â€Å"Jump† over the gully with Sarah's motorbike. Therefore, Sarah's negligence in warning would not be found to be a necessary condition. The defendant's SOL to the harm.In this instance the kind of harm was not foreseeable as it would be far-fetched or fanciful to assume that Darryl would not have attempted to Jump over the gully even if Sarah did not breach the failure to warn. Manner of harm is not in contention, as Dairy's injury satisfies the manner of harm test in Wagon Mound – Dairy's injury, is exactly the manner of harm that Sarah had reasonable foreseen. Since Alfred admitted liability under negligence, he owes damages. Calculation of Damages: Compensatory damages are divided into pecuniary, and non-pecuniary damages.Pecuniary: 1) Derived-from-John's-loss-of-earning-capacity. John-is-entitled-to-reco ver-for-any diminution-in-capacity-to-earn. Since-he-is-still-able-to-work-after-accident, but in a- lower-paying-job, he-will-be-compensated-for-the-net-loss-in-prospective-earning opacity according-to-provisions-of sis CLAW. This-is-calculated-by-finding-the average-income-of-a-top-Rugby-League-player, since he was already a first grade Rugby-player-with the-Canberra-cavalry, and has-not-made-it-to-the-top yet. From that sum, deduct-his-predicted-earning-capacity-after-accident.Further-deduct-costs that-John-have-had-to-have-incurred-in-earning-the-income. 2) Compensation in claim for medical treatment expenses. As long as John has paid for past medical treatment, relating to relevant injury, he can claim the costs. John will also be compensated for subsequent, long-term medical care, even though they ere provided free of charge by Elena. Even though Elena personally provided the medical care, principle in Australia is such that John will still receive compensation for gratuitous services provided. Damages for this will be calculated based on reasonable and commercial costs of providing the care. ) Discounts are considered because a sum of money is given for future pecuniary loss. Discounts for all future economic loss. It is usually 3% in all cases for ACT. Next, discounts-for-vicissitudes-of-life-usually-applied-to-future earning capacity only, and starts with 15% but varies circumstantially. ) Collateral-benefits-does-not-apply, as the intention with-which-the-monetary benefits-from-his- â€Å"mates† was to-assist-John-in-bill-payments, and-not-reduce-the liability of Alfred. Non-pecuniary: 1) Compensation for loss of amenities (enjoyment of life) is set out in sis CLAW.It is likely that John will be compensated here as John has to give up his Rugby career and his pastime of waterier. 2) No compensation for pain and suffering and loss of expectation of life as no evidence in facts to suggest otherwise. Ben v Alex Vicarious Liability: Since Ben is u nable to sue Christopher, Ben might claim damages from Alex under legislation between Alex and Christopher. From Hollies/Stevens, it is necessary that an employer-employee relationship be established between Alex and Christopher for Alex to be vicariously liable.The case involves an independent method for distinguishing an employee from an independent contractor (C). From the facts, Christopher has specific skills as a builder who is able to make an independent career to generate ‘goodwill' given his reputation for having good workmanship. Alex had little control over the manner of how Christopher performs his work as Christopher has flexible working hours. Alex id not superintend Christopher finances, as Christopher was paid a fixed sum of money. Christopher also undertook the provisions of insurance and deducted taxes himself, and provided for his own leave arrangements.

Hamlet s Sanity Is A Subject Of Much Debate - 1632 Words

The question of Hamlet’s sanity has been a subject of much debate. As Stephan Greenblatt states in his observations about Hamlet in his essay â€Å"Hamlet†: â€Å"Is Hamlet’s madness feigned or true, a strategy masquerading as reality or a reality masquerading as a strategy?† (1181). While Greenblatt lays out two possible courses, could there be a third option in this scenario? â€Å"†¦ Hamlet cleverly uses madness as a cover under which he will determine the truth of the Ghost’s story before accepting the self-damning course of revenge† (Evans, 6). While Evans’ explanation can be seen as an argument that Hamlet is â€Å"acting† the part, could this observation also be used to imply that Hamlet knows the end result of his actions? Has Shakespeare set Hamlet†¦show more content†¦Over the relatively short time line of the story Shakespeare shows Hamlet internally direct this melancholy towards a warring state of res olve, yet with confusion about how things have gotten to this surreal point, â€Å"I have of late, but wherefore I/ know not, lost all my mirth / †¦ / and indeed it goes so heavily with my disposition†(2.2.257,258,259) The reality of the situation overwhelms Hamlet, Shakespeare alludes to this in Hamlet’s references to bad dreams while speaking with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, â€Å"†¦ were it not that I have bad dreams. / †¦ / A dream itself is but a shadow† (2.2.231.16, 231.21). Not only does this appear to be alluding to the situation of his father’s death, his mother’s marrying his uncle, and his father’s ghost crying out for revenge, but here, is a hint of foreshadowing of his descent. Life is a whirlpool of events with the only foreseeable path out of it is toward revenge. It is this that has Hamlet questioning life itself: To be or not to be: that is the question, Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to takes arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them. To die †¦ (3.1.55-59) Ultimately, it is looking at the patterns within the text that gives clues to the true state of Hamlet’s sanity. It is his interactions with others within the play that is telling. Like a Greek actor, he puts